Cluster Project: Concepts, Typology and Modeling Approaches

Abstract
In the article we considered the existing understanding of the relationship between the concepts of cluster policy, cluster program and cluster project, defined special features of cluster projects, and then developed our own definition of cluster project. Basic characteristics of industrial (vertical) and regional (horizontal) clusters were discussed. Then we istinguished three types of cluster projects and their main characteristics in horizontal clusters. The nature and features of competition and cooperation, their main types and forms were overviewed. We made hypotheses about factors that influence competition and cooperation. We described some already existing approaches to competition and cooperation modeling and their possible problems. Specific characteristics of agents in multi-agent system were defined. Conceptual agent-based model of competition and cooperation interactions between the members of the cluster project was proposed.

Keywords
cluster, cluster project, competition, cooperation, typology of cluster projects, multiagent systems, agent-based model



References

1. Markov L. S. Theoretic and methodological bases of the cluster approach in economy. Author's abstract diss. Doc. Ec. Sciences. Novosibirsk, IEIE SB RAS, 2014, 40 p. (In Russ.) 
2. Markov L. S. Theoretic and methodological bases of the cluster approach. Novosibirsk, IEIE SB RAS, 2015, 300 p. (In Russ.) 
3. Garrett B., Dusozh P. Strategic alliances. Moscow, RShFRA-M, 2002, 364 p. (Series «Management for the leader») (In Russ.) 
4. Darendorf R. Elements of the theory of social conflict. Sociological research, 1994, no. 5, p. 145–146. 
5. Buruk A. F. Definition of the essence of the concept of competition and the problem of its measurement World of Economics and Management, 2016, vol. 16, iss. 3, p. 84–99. 
6. Boone J., van Ours J., van der Wiel H. How (not) to measure competition. Hague, Netherlands: CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, CPB Discussion Paper, 2007, no. 91, 49 p. 
7. Vazhenin S. G., Vazhenina I. S. The vitality of territories in a competitive economic space. Region: ekonomika i sotsiologiya [Region: Economics and Sociology], 2015, no. 2 (86), p. 175–199. 
8. Kurdin A. A. Alternative indicators for assessing the state of competition in commodity markets. Bulletin of the Laboratory of Competition and Competition Policy, 2012, no. 8. 
9. Mokronosov A. G., Mavrina I. N. Competition and competitiveness. Ekaterinburg, Izd-vo Ural University, 2014, 194 p. 
10. Videatin V. I. Bachelor of Economics. Reader in 3 vols. Moscow, Triad, 2000, 420 p. 
11. Axelrod R. The Evolution of Cooperation. Basic Books, 1984. 
12. Owen G. Game theory. Moscow, Mir, 1971, 142 p. 
13. Novikov D. A., Petrakov S. N. Course of the theory of organizational systems. Moscow, SINTEG, 1999, 108 p. 
14.  Wooldridge M., Jennings N. R. The Cooperative Problem Solving Process. Journal of Logic & Computation, 1999, no. 9 (4), p. 563–592. 
15. Bristow M., Fang L., Hipel K. W. Agent-Based Modeling of Competitive and Cooperative Behavior Under Conflict. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 2014, no. 44 (7), p. 834–850. 
16. Markov L. S., Kotelkin D. D., Petukhova M. V. Influence of typological features and simulation of technologies on the intensity of competition in a cluster. Region: ekonomika i sotsiologiya [Region: Economics and Sociology], 2016, no. 1, p. 268–294.